An examination of variables influencing the acceptance and usage of E-learning systems in Jordanian higher education institutions

 

This research attempts to investigate the factors that influence E-learning adoption in academic institutions in Jordan in order to develop an appropriate model of the acceptance and usage of E-learning systems in Jordanian academic institutions. Therefore, an extensive literature review was accomplished to develop a conceptual framework on the basis of TAM and cultural variables related to technology adoption.

The research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to examine students, academics, IT and staff perceptions toward the factors influencing the acceptance and usage of E-Learning systems in higher education systems. A total number of 198 respondents were valid and considered for further statistical analysis and 20 of the respondents were participated by the semi-structured interview method. A descriptive analysis was first employed to provide a clear description of respondents’ demographic information. Inferential analysis was also employed using multiple regressions in order to examine the research hypotheses.

The results revealed that the intention to use E-learning systems in higher education systems was more greatly affected by the perceived ease of use, rather than the idea of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, it was clear that perceived usefulness, together with perceived ease of use, was positive in its effect on people’s intention to use any new E-learning system. Moreover, the study also proved that the cultural dimensions were vital in this particular context, and significantly predicted peoples' attitudes to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

It was observed through descriptive analysis that cultural factors, especially risk perception play important role in shaping Jordanians' attitudes towards E-learning in general. Conventionally the Arab society is risk averse, therefore Jordanians prefer not to involve in E-learning if it is too difficult to operate or understand.

It was found that E-learning still largely remains concentrated in the higher income schools and some universities. Modern private sector universities are endeavouring to provide state-of-the-art learning technology to allow students to develop their skills and become an asset for country's development. Policymakers are showing keen resolve to introduce modern learning aids in elementary school systems.

Through the ETAM model, it was observed that E-learning in Jordan is still in its infancy stage. Psychological perception of Jordanians towards this technology is important in shaping their attitudes towards acceptance. In addition, user experiences also form subjective norms that translate into general behaviour.

The contribution of this research is that it provides a holistic picture of the factors influencing E-learning and its acceptance in higher education institutions sectors in Arab nations (and in particular in Jordan), which adds knowledge in the area of information systems. Moreover, the study contributes to the understanding of the degree of influence that culture itself asserts on acceptance behaviour theory with regard to technological advancement.