Comparing Policies and Firm-Level Survival Strategies for Crises Management in Low-tech Industries: A Wales, Ireland and Denmark Case Study

A ‘micro-system’ study where firm-level activities in response to the economic 'shocks' of COVID-19 and BREXIT are horizontally developed in three different environments, Denmark, Wales, and Ireland. Countries with similar regional mixed rural and urban settings, where food and drink are essential components of local economies (Danson et al., 2015). The Craft beer ‘microsystem’ was selected because it is particularly vulnerable to external shocks and suffered a series of multiple shocks; either simultaneously in the case of Wales or in sequence as in Denmark and Ireland.