In-Vehicle Communication Cyber Security: Challenges and Solutions

 In-vehicle communication has become an integral part of today’s driving environmentconsidering the growing add-ons of sensor-centric communication and computing devices inside avehicle for a range of purposes including vehicle monitoring, physical wiring reduction, and drivingefficiency. However, related literature on cyber security for in-vehicle communication systems is stilllacking potential dedicated solutions for in-vehicle cyber risks. Existing solutions are mainly relyingon protocol-specific security techniques and lacking an overall security framework for in-vehiclecommunication.  In this context, this paper critically explores the literature on cyber security forin-vehicle communication focusing on technical architecture, methodologies, challenges, and possiblesolutions. In-vehicle communication network architecture is presented considering key components,interfaces, and related technologies. The protocols for in-vehicle communication have been classifiedbased on their characteristics, and usage type. Security solutions for in-vehicle communication havebeen critically reviewed considering machine learning, cryptography, and port-centric techniques. Amulti-layer secure framework is also developed as a protocol and use case-independent in-vehiclecommunication solution. Finally, open challenges and future dimensions of research for in-vehiclecommunication cyber security are highlighted as observations and recommendations.