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Enacted support and golf-putting performance: The role of support type and support visibility

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posted on 2022-12-12, 16:38 authored by Tjerk MollTjerk Moll, Tim Rees, Paul Freeman

 

Objectives

This study examined whether the impact of enacted support on performance differed across type (esteem and informational) and visibility (visible and invisible) of support. It further tested whether self-efficacy mediated the enacted support-performance relationship.

Design

A one-factor (support manipulation) between subjects experiment.

Method

A fellow novice golfer — in reality a confederate — was scripted to randomly provide one of five support manipulations (visible informational support, invisible informational support, visible esteem support, invisible esteem support, and no support) to participants (n = 105). Immediately after, participants completed a self-efficacy measure and then performed a golf-putting task.

Results

The results demonstrated that participants given visible esteem support significantly outperformed those given no support and those given invisible esteem support. Participants given invisible informational support significantly outperformed those given no support. Although non-significant, the observed mean difference and moderate effect size provided weak evidence that those in the invisible informational support condition may have performed at a higher level than those in the visible informational support condition. There was no evidence that self-efficacy could explain any of these effects.

Conclusion

The results suggest that enacted support can benefit novices’ performance and that it is crucial to consider both the type and the visibility of the support. Esteem support is particularly effective when communicated in an explicit and direct manner but informational support appears more effective when communicated in a more subtle, indirect manner.

History

Published in

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Publisher

Elsevier

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Citation

Moll, T., Rees, T., & Freeman, P. (2017) 'Enacted support and golf-putting performance: The role of support type and support visibility', Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 30, pp.30-37.

Print ISSN

1469-0292

Cardiff Met Affiliation

  • Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences

Cardiff Met Authors

Tjerk Moll

Cardiff Met Research Centre/Group

  • Applied Injury Science

Copyright Holder

  • © The Publisher

Language

  • en

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