Transformative Change and Place-based circular economy interventions: implications for theory and practice

This paper navigates the intersecting realms of Circular Economy (CE) and transformative change literature, shedding light on the subtleties of transformative change directionality and the practical intricacies of CE implementation, particularly in peripheral regions. Policymakers' historical oversight of transformative innovation challenges becomes increasingly critical amid ongoing crises. This study focuses on Wales as an illustrative case, revealing that despite a robust constitutional framework, institutional and capacity constraints impede the full realization of CE objectives. The paper's objectives include emphasizing the imperative of continuous monitoring for CE experimentation and policy learning, and advocating for a shift in governance structures and support systems, transcending mere direction-setting to embrace experimentation